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Nutrition
Nutrition figures are printed per 100 g so that products can be compared. That makes them useful — and easy to misread.
On a pre-packed food in the EU the mandatory nutrition declaration carries seven figures: energy, fat, of which saturates, carbohydrate, of which sugars, protein and salt. They are given per 100 g or 100 ml, which is what makes two products comparable — and what makes a declaration easy to misread, because almost nobody eats exactly 100 g.
Anything printed on the front of the pack is a summary computed from those same figures. Nutri-Score is one such summary. It adds no new measurement; it compresses the declaration into one letter, and compression always loses something.
These pages explain where the numbers come from, what the front-of-pack summaries are computed from, and the point at which a single letter or figure stops being able to answer your question.